Mechanisms to reduce violence in Ecuador's prisons and streets

Before the government of Rafael Correa made limited drug use illegal, carrying drugs was used as a mechanism to get rid of enemies, lovers, neighbors, relatives, annoying people, then the police were paid to put narcotics in their pockets, houses, offices, vehicles, and the detainee had little chance of being released, because the policemen became experts in incriminating people, especially political enemies, or people considered a problem, that the current ruler wanted to reduce to prisoners, or just get rid of it.

Today Ecuador is involved in the so-called war on drug trafficking, which what it has done is, create overcrowding in prisons, multiply violence, visible in prisons, where prisoners kill themselves, or in drug-consuming ports and cities, where the hitman is news every day.

The war on drug trafficking actually allowed the United States to have military bases under its control in Manta and Galapagos, through these military bases it controls the armed forces and the Ecuadorian police, so that they do not give coups, as they were used to. to give. Let us remember how was the coup d'état of Colonel Lucio Gutiérrez in 2000, or the last coup attempt, on August 30, 2010, in which the police, which was no longer controlled directly by the United States Embassy, ​​and the DEA, tried to give a coup to Rafael Correa.

Since 2000, when we entered the War on Drug Trafficking, then called Plan Colombia, the computers used by the police were a loan from the United States Embassy. When they demanded their return in 2008, the American Embassy appropriated them, with all the police information of the Ecuadorians, thanks to a police commander, his accomplice, who returned the computers illegally.

We must also remember that the murder of Reyes, the second by the FARC in Angostura, Sucumbíos Province, in the Ecuadorian Amazon, which was coordinated from the Manta Base and produced the invasion of the Colombian army into Ecuadorian territory, the rupture of relations between the two countries, plus the departure from Manta of the North American military, for whom the agreement to extend their stay was not renewed, due to these events and because article 4 of the new constitution of 2008 prohibits military bases and the presence of troops from other countries in Ecuador.

This article of the constitution was mocked by the Pentagon, the North American Embassy, and the government of Lenín Moreno, who camouflaged the occupation of two military bases, Manta, to which they returned after almost 10 years, and the Galapagos, islands to those who returned at the age of 70, and where until now they remain, as military instructors or logistical advisers, with flights of their AWAC radar-planes.

The legalization of the production, consumption, and export of cocaine, marijuana, and possibly opium, which is a plant native to Quito, means that its production, export, and consumption will be under national and international surveillance, which would certify its quality, and it would be sold only to people, countries, or companies, that inside and outside the country can market them, that at the same time carry out a health risk education campaign, such as that carried out by tobacco companies with tobacco, which in their packs show the effects of consumption tobacco with photos, and recommend not to use tobacco regularly.

The problem of drug trafficking, sex trafficking, trafficking in women and children, illegal organ trafficking, trafficking in wood, ivory, gold, animals, and immigrants, is the same, the demand. If there is demand there will be traffic, if the demand is reduced the traffic will be reduced.

The solution at the global level is to attack the demand for drug consumption, in the same way as the covid 19 pandemic virus was attacked, globally, so that through the media, the Internet, schools, people take awareness of the risk of drug use and that consumption is a personal decision, such as drinking alcohol, smoking or having sex without a condom, which today involve taking individual risks.

La despenalización del uso de drogas reduciría el hacinamiento en las cárceles

October 6, 2021

APROBACIÓN. La Asamblea despenalizó en 2020 el uso del Cannabis para uso medicinal.

Estados Unidos ubicó al Ecuador como uno de los principales productores de drogas ilícitas. Colombia, en el 2016, despenalizó el uso de la marihuana para fines terapéuticos.

La legalización de las drogas, que tiene como objetivo la modificación de las leyes que prohíben el consumo, el suministro y producción de sustancias psicotrópicas. Tema que en el Ecuador toma fuerza luego de que el pasado 16 de septiembre de 2021, Estados Unidos ubicó al país dentro de los principales productores de drogas ilícitas o de tránsito.

Es un memorando firmado por el presidente de los Estados Unidos, Joseph Biden, que  envía al Secretario de Estado de ese país sobre la determinación de “los principales países productores de drogas ilícitas o de tránsito de drogas importantes para el año fiscal 2022”.

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En el documento se identificó a los siguientes países: “Afganistán, Las Bahamas, Belice, Bolivia, Birmania, Colombia, Costa Rica, República Dominicana, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haití, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Laos, México, Nicaragua, Pakistán, Panamá, Perú y Venezuela”.

Situación que se ve reflejada en las capturas de droga que ha realizado la Policía Nacional. Hasta agosto del 2021 se habían incautado 116 toneladas de droga. En tanto, que en 2020 se incautaron 128 toneladas, mientras que en el 2019 se decomisó 88 toneladas. Se solicitó a la Policía una cifra más actualizada, pero hasta el final de este reportaje no se tuvo respuesta.

Para el abogado penalista, Joffre Campaña, no se puede analizar de forma aislada el tema de la despenalización de las drogas, sino que tiene que estar enmarcada en un gran concepto que se conoce como “política criminal”, misma que pasa por la revisión de qué queremos como sociedad frente al delito, causas, problemáticas desde el punto de vista social y psicológico que ponen en riesgo la paz social.

¿Europa y otros países son un ejemplo?

Se considera que lo que ha hecho Países Bajos, Holanda, que legalizaron el uso de drogas, tomando como un problema de salud pública es un referente para la región, en donde países como Colombia hizo lo mismo en 2016, al despenalizar el uso de la marihuana para fines terapéuticos.

Campaña cree que el Ecuador tiene ahí un espacio para el aprendizaje, de donde puede mirar cómo funciona en estos países, cómo modificaron su legislación, cuáles son los procesos que siguieron,  porque no solo es el tema de consumo  sino también los delitos derivados del consumo, la situación en el sistema carcelario, la producción, el expendio.

¿Qué se debe reformar?

La despenalización de cualquier conducta en general es un tema de naturaleza legal. La  Constitución establece que la tipificación de infracciones y sanciones debe hacerse a través de la Ley explicó el constitucionalista,  Juan Francisco Guerrero.

Bajo esta premisa, una posible legalización de drogas en el Ecuador deberá pasar por una reforma legal de al menos siete normas vigentes: Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP), Código Orgánico de Salud (COS), Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia, Código de la Producción, Ley de Aduanas, Ley de Estupefacientes y Psicotrópicas; y Ley de Rehabilitación Social. La reforma debería surgir desde el Ejecutivo.

Guerrero sostiene que una reforma de estas magnitudes beneficiaría en mucho a la reducción del hacinamiento en las cárceles del país. Según el exdirector del Sistema Carcelario, Fausto Cobo, en el país, actualmente hay 65 prisiones con capacidad para unas 30.000 personas, pero que albergan a 39.000.

“La Constitución establece que la ley penal puede tener efectos retroactivos, siempre que sea  beneficiosa para el reo.  Es decir, si se comete un delito, y el día de mañana ese delito es eliminado, inmediatamente el detenido queda en libertad porque el delito ya no existe”, aseguró el constitucionalista.

¿Estamos preparados?

Para el exjefe de Inteligencia de las Fuerzas Armadas, Mario Pazmiño, el Ecuador no está preparado culturalmente ni en los esquemas  de seguridad para poder abordar esta nueva temática. Considera que desde el 2013 desde que se instauró la tabla de consumo de drogas solo habido un incremento en el microtráfico y una mayor acción de los carteles internacionales sobre la estructura del Estado ecuatoriano.

¿Hay avances en el Ecuador?

El país el año pasado dio un paso importante en buscar soluciones sobre todo desde el ámbito medicinal. El 24 de diciembre de 2020 la Asamblea Nacional despenalizó el cannabis no psicoactivo con menos de 1% de THC, lo que abrió dos líneas de cultivo: el cáñamo no psicoactivo y el cáñamo industrial, así como su aprovechamiento en el ámbito medicinal, en el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, así como en el uso industrial en fibras y otros productos.

Mientras que el 19 de octubre del 2020, el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG), emitió el reglamento para la producción, comercialización y exportación del cannabis no psicoactivo y cáñamo industrial en Ecuador.

Reprise des manifestations raciales en Équateur 9 jours d'agonie de Lénine Moreno et de la pandémie

Analyse de la façon dont le racisme suit Covid 19, Donal Trump et L. Moreno.
Les manifestations raciales aux États-Unis sensibilisent les Afro.
Les Afro-Américains sont une partie fondamentale des États-Unis et A.L.
En Amérique latine, à Cuba, au Brésil, en Colombie et en Équateur, ils sont importants.
En Équateur, ce sont les athlètes équatoriens les plus remarquables et les plus visibles.
J'ai travaillé à Bunche, la première ville créée par des Africains dans le pays.
Ils se sont échappés d'un navire qui s'est échoué à Portete, une île sans rivière.
La rivière Bunche leur a permis de vivre, ainsi que les mangroves et la jungle
De cet endroit, ils ont conquis ce qui est maintenant la province d'Esmeraldas.
Mais ils se sont également répandus à travers le Pacifique colombien inaccessible.
Cette partie de la Colombie est aujourd'hui la zone de plus grand conflit autour de la coca.
Trumaco est précisément une zone de guerre avec les narcos et les guérilleros.
Un chef de guérilla noir et afro-équatorien en Colombie était Wacho.
Qu'il était aussi un puissant trafiquant de drogue, avec l'Équatorien Pablo Escobar.
Il était l'un des dissidents des FARC qui a réalisé la grande tromperie.
La grande tromperie a été l'accord de paix avec le gouvernement J. J. Santos.
Cet accord a démobilisé les FARC et a permis leur participation politique.
Mais ils sont tués quotidiennement depuis que Duque, la marionnette d'Uribe, est président.
En Equateur, la présence est la plus visible dans la province d'Esmeraldas.
Il se trouve également dans la province d'Imbabura et la province de Loja.
Dans des villes comme Guayaquil et Quito, ils sont également visibles et importants.
Pendant le gouvernement Correa, ils étaient gouverneurs, membres de l'assemblée, maires.
Dans le gouvernement Moreno, elle est procureur général de la nation, bourreau de Correa.
Et c'était le directeur du COE lors de la pandémie, aujourd'hui accusé de corruption.
Le COE est le Conseil des opérations d'urgence.
 L'Équateur vit un racisme, où les Noirs et les autochtones sont victimes de discrimination.
Mais nous avons un défaut historique et ce sont les Afros et les riches indigènes, célèbres ou inclus dans les sphères du pouvoir politique.
Depuis la conquête, les Espagnols ont utilisé les Indiens et les Noirs comme alliés.
D'abord, ils les ont fait combattre entre des peuples indigènes comme les Cañaris et les Incas.
Alors. Pour en faire des alliés, ils ont choisi l'un d'entre eux pour être intendant.
Lorsqu'il est devenu intendant, il était le pire bourreau et oppresseur.
Ils opéraient comme des tueurs à gages sur des cartels de cocaïne.
Cette tara persiste et ce sont les peuples indigènes ou noirs riches, célèbres ou puissants.
Le dicton "celui qui n'a jamais eu et devient fou veut revenir" fonctionne.
Mais la convoitise 19 est revenue à la pauvreté, une classe moyenne afro et indigène.
Ces nouveaux pauvres ont pu savourer le luxe, les plaisirs et la pauvreté.
Cela leur fait maintenant réaliser comment leurs pairs sont exploités.
et ce sont eux qui sont redevenus pauvres, les pires ennemis de Moreno.
Moreno fait partie de ces pauvres gens devenus fous au pouvoir.
Le silence d'Obama, d'acteurs ou de scientifiques afro est étonnant.
Maintenant qu'ils sont riches et célèbres, semblent-ils complices du racisme américain?
Les États-Unis s'effondrent à cause de la convoitise 19 et des manifestations raciales.
Covid 19 a démontré que leur système de santé ne les protégeait pas vraiment.
Le racisme prouve que le rêve américain n'existait pas vraiment.
C'était de la publicité dans les films, la radio, la télévision, la littérature.
Il lui ressemblait même dans les universités, son économie ou une richesse abondante
C'était un rêve pour peu et maintenant c'est un cauchemar pour beaucoup.
Mais ce cauchemar réveille aussi les noirs et les latinos,
L'Amérique latine connaît désormais pleinement l'oppression et la pauvreté.
Cela nous encourage à protester également et à changer de gouvernement.
Cela nous pousse à changer les lois, à changer notre destin fatal.

Restart of racial protests in Ecuador 9 day of agony of Lenin Moreno and the pandemic

Analysis of how racism follows covid 19, Donal Trump and L. Moreno.
Racial protests in the United States raise Afro consciousness.
African Americans are a fundamental part of the United States and A.L.
In Latin America in Cuba, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador they are important.
In Ecuador they are the most outstanding Ecuadorian athletes, and visible.
I worked in Bunche, the first town created by Africans in the country.
They escaped from a ship that ran aground in Portete, an island without a river.
The Bunche river allowed them to live, as well as the mangroves, and the jungle
From this place they conquered what is now the Esmeraldas Province.
But they also spread across the inaccessible Colombian Pacific.
This part of Colombia today is the zone of greatest conflict over coca.
Trumaco is precisely an area of ​​war with the narcos and guerrillas.
A black and Afro-Ecuadorian guerrilla chief in Colombia was Wacho.
That he was also a powerful drug trafficker, along with the Ecuadorian Pablo Escobar.
He was one of the FARC dissidents who realized the great deception.
The great deception was the peace agreement with the J. J. Santos government.
This agreement demobilized the FARC and allowed their political participation.
But they have been killed daily since Duque, Uribe's puppet, is president.
In Ecuador the presence is the most visible in the province of Esmeraldas.
It is also in the province of Imbabura and the Province of Loja.
In cities like Guayaquil and Quito they are also visible and important.
During the Correa government they were governors, assembly members, mayors.
In the Moreno government, she is the nation's attorney general, a hangman for Correa.
And it was the director of COE during the pandemic, today accused of corruption.
The COE is the Emergency Operations Council.
 Ecuador lives a racism, where blacks and indigenous people are discriminated.
But we have a historical flaw and they are the Afros and the indigenous who are rich, famous or included in the spheres of political power.
Since the conquest, the Spanish used the Indians and blacks as allies.
First they made them fight between indigenous people like the Cañaris and Incas.
Then. To make them allies, they chose one of them to be a steward.
When he became a steward, he was the worst executioner and oppressor.
They operated like hitmen on cocaine cartels.
This tara persists and they are the rich, famous or powerful indigenous or black people.
The saying "he who never had and becomes crazy wants to return" works.
But the covid 19 has returned to poverty an Afro and indigenous middle class.
These new poor have been able to savor luxuries, pleasures and poverty.
This now makes them realize how their peers are exploited.
and they are the ones who returned to being poor, Moreno's worst enemies.
Moreno is one of those poor people who went crazy in power.
The silence of Obama, actors, or Afro scientists is astonishing.
Now that they are rich and famous, do they seem complicit in American racism?
The United States collapses from covid 19 and racial protests.
Covid 19 demonstrated that their health system did not really protect them.
Racism proves that the American dream did not really exist.
It was advertising in film, radio, television, literature.
It even looked like it in universities, its economy, or abundant wealth
It was a dream for few and now it is a nightmare for many.
But this nightmare also wakes up blacks and Latinos,
Latin America now sees oppression and poverty in full.
This encourages us to protest as well and to change governments.
It drives us to change the laws, to change our fatal destiny.

THE RACIAL FIGHT by George Floyd on another day of the agony of covid 19 and Donald Trump

Analysis of how the covid 19 has triggered a new pandemic.
This new pandemic is the pandemic of racial and ethnic struggles.
The global focus of this social pandemic is in the United States.
The United States was born as a federal state of free men.
 The USA considered freedom as a human and equal right for all.
Its constitution said and says that all human beings are equal.
And they also have the right to freedom and the search for happiness.
But this has been the biggest lie this country has ever existed on.
Without doubt, freedom here has had a greater development and is created daily.
In the beginning, freedom was the possibility of having a government without a king.
And they did not want a king because the kings inherited the crown and they were everything.
To be a king is to have the life of other human beings and a territory.
The United States replaced the king with a president who was temporary.
It is chosen by popular vote, but they imagined a rare electoral system.
In this electoral system, delegates are elected and they are elected to the president. Delegates may be in favor of their party's candidate to win, and then vote for the opponent, betraying the vote of their constituents.
Indigenous, blacks did not vote until 1970 and women did not vote until the 20th century.
The worst lie was always that all human beings were equal.
The United States was the most racist territory in America from the beginning.
It is for this reason that miscegenation did not occur in that country as in Latin America.
White Europeans came as pirates, settlers, assassins, and invaders.
They exterminated the Indians or reduced them to perverse reservations
They made them relegated pest-sensitive alcoholics.
They imported African slaves and subjected them to an subhuman life.
When the industrialized north required labor, they freed them.
To liberate them they lived through the worst internal war with 700,000 dead.
But then it became possible to import poor, educated European whites.
So blacks became an annoying problem, until today.
This problem is visible because they are the majority of the prisoners and the poor.
But the problem has been complicated by the invasion of Hispanics.
The advantage that Hispanics have over blacks is their language.
It is also his Catholic religion and his family ties in A.L.
These family ties are inside and outside the USA, in Latin America.
Africans lost their languages ​​and their relationship with Africa.
But it has the advantage of keeping alive the memory of its slavery.
Instead, Hispanics today experience modern slavery and discrimination.
Modern slavery is prostitution, human and child trafficking.
Both Hispanics and African Americans defend themselves as gangs.
This is like gangs, gangs or mafias, as the colonists defended themselves.
European migrants arriving in the United States formed gangs.
Bandit gangs ravaged the west, and cities like mafias.
In the conquest of the west they were keys to exterminate the Indians.
In the cities to organize the unions and defend the workers.
Today African American and Hispanic cartels are the hidden and illegal power.
This hidden and illegal power has the ability to self-finance and be rich.
The chances of being rich in a single generation makes them violent.
Having the ability to be violent and kill makes them a danger.
Faced with this danger, Americans live armed inside their homes.
Today the humanitarian and economic crisis caused by covid 19 allows them to emerge and confront each other.
The confrontation is against the established order or laws and against power.
Power is the police and the army, which respond to those who govern.
Those who rule now in the United States are the richest.
The United States is dangerously close to a war against the poor.
The wealthy are 1% of the population that has 51 percent of everything.
The poor are the 99 percent who have to distribute the 49%.
Donald Trump and the covid 19 are the best catalyst for the worst.

The worst thing is that this becomes a new form of civil war.